The Mongolian Octopus – His Grip on Australia (1886)

Artist Phillip May, Published in The Bulletin on the 21st August 1886. The arms labelled: “Customs Robbery”, “Fan-Tan“, “Opium”, “Small-Pox”, “Immorality”, “Pak Ah-Pu“, “Cheap Labour”

This cartoon was apparently reworked to demonstrate demonisation of ethnic groups in modern cartoons:

Geoff Pryor, editorial cartoonist for the Canberra Times has recently (6 September 2001) used the racism of nineteenth-century cartoonists as a vehicle for critique of current racial politics. Under the title ‘Recycling’, he reproduced the famous ‘Mongolian octopus’ cartoon by Phil May, first published in the Bulletin in 1886. Pryor annotated the cartoon, suggesting the addition of a turban and other features to turn the Chinese menace into an Islamic one.¹

Footnotes:

1. Sawer, M. (2001) “Cartoons for the Cause: Cartooning for Equality in Australia”, EJournalist, http://ejournalist.com.au/v1n2/SAWER.pdf, Accessed: 21st May 2009 [↩]
2. Image source: “The Mongolian Octopus” Multicultural Research Library, General Reference Library, State library of NSW. (Accessed: 21st May 2009)

“The Yellow Peril” published in the “New Zealand Truth” on the 16th of February 1907. The arms are labelled “greed”, “licentiousness”, “opium traffic”, “brutality” and “evil habits”. The cartoon shows a Chinese octopus reaching out of a cave across water to New Zealand and entangling a Maori woman.

Image Source: “The Yellow Peril” (1907) Te Papa – Tai Awatea (Accessed: 21st May 2009)

“What Shall We Do With Our Boys?” (1882)

The following is from: The Ohio State University Cartoon Research Library¹:

San Francisco received many Chinese immigrants because of its geographic position and the economic opportunities California offered. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, a proposal to outlaw most Chinese immigration was under debate at this time and several California publications, including The Wasp, tried to influence Congress to pass this law. Many Americans opposed Chinese immigration, arguing that the Asians were willing to do manual labor for low wages and took jobs away from American citizens.

The cartoon shows a multi-armed Chinese worker with a foot on a wooden board that says “Chinese trade monopoly”. There is a bale of tobacco in the background. He appears to be making clothes, shoes, cigars and handling tools at the same time. He is holding a bag of “Earnings”. In the meantime, a group of unemployed loiter outside, and a (father? police office?) is escorting a boy to San Quentine (a prison, might be some sort of “school”). There is other writing but it is too illegible.

Footnotes:

1. The Ohio State University Cartoon Research Library Accessed 21st March 2009 
2. Image Source: “What Shall We Do With Our Boys?” The Ohio State University Cartoon Research Library (Accessed 21st March 2009)

US Marines vs Japanese Octopus (Wise, 1944)

Where pulp meets propaganda. United States Marines No. 3. (1944) published by William H Wise featuring a US Marine using a flame thrower to fight a buck-tooth Japanese octopus (Tojo)¹.

In a related note: The United States Marines did use flame throwers against the Japanese at the Battle of Iwo Jima in Feb-Mar of 1945 and it has been argued that comics such as these aimed to both dehumanise the enemy and make the use of flame throwers palatable².

“The Marines learned that firearms were relatively ineffective against the Japanese defenders and effectively used flamethrowers and grenades to flush out Japanese troops in the tunnels. One of the technological innovations of the battle, the eight Sherman M4A3R3 medium tanks equipped with the Navy Mark I flame thrower (“Ronson” or Zippo Tanks), proved very effective at clearing Japanese positions. The Shermans were difficult to disable, such that defenders were often compelled to assault them in the open, where the Japanese troops would fall victim to the superior numbers of Marines.”³

IMAGE SOURCE: Superdickery, ‘Propaganda Extravaganza’,http://superdickery.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=35&Itemid=49&limitstart=32, (Accessed: 10th Jan 2009)

Footnotes:

1. United States Marines (1944) 3 comic book, My Comic Shop.com,https://www.mycomicshop.com/search?tid=378121&SetShowNotes=Y#7944091
2. Adam Eli Clem (2005), ‘Octopus & Propaganda’ Tonmo forum post,http://www.tonmo.com/forums/showpost.php?p=43904&postcount=140
3. Wikipedia, Battle of Iwo Jima,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima